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DAILY DOSE 4th JUNE -2024 CURRENT AFFAIRS
1) Claudia Sheinbaum Elected Mexico’s First Woman President:
- Claudia Sheinbaum has been named Mexico’s first female president. According to the National Electoral Institute, Sheinbaum won between 58 and 60% of the votes, which is more than 30 percentage points more than her closest rival, Xochitl Galvez.
- Claudia Sheinbaum made history as the first Jewish president of a mostly Catholic country and the first woman to become president of Mexico.
- She is known for being a climate expert and for being the mayor of Mexico City before she became president.
- This election was important because it was the biggest in the history of Mexico, a country with about 130 million people.
2) Red List Of Mangrove Ecosystems:
- The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has issued a “Red List of Mangrove Ecosystems” cautioning that half of the world’s mangrove ecosystems are at risk of collapsing.
- This marks the first comprehensive global assessment of mangroves by IUCN.
- The world’s mangrove ecosystems cover about 150 thousand km2 along mainly tropical, sub-tropical and some warm temperate coasts of the world. About 15% of the world’s coastlines are covered by mangroves.
Key Findings of the Report:
- It classified the world’s mangrove ecosystems into 36 different regions called provinces and assessed the threats and risk of collapse in each region.
- Over 50% of the world’s mangrove ecosystems are at risk of collapse (classified as either vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered), with nearly 1 in 5 facing severe risk.
- One-third of the world’s mangrove ecosystem provinces will be severely affected by sea-level rise, with 25% of the global mangrove area predicted to be submerged in the next 50 years.
3) 2024 Shangri-La Dialogue:
- The 2024 Shangri-La Dialogue took place in Singapore from 31 May to 2 June.
- Some of the highlights from the 2024 dialogue include:
- The Philippines made a statement regarding the South China Sea conflict, suggesting that China and the Philippines would be ‘crossing the Rubicon’ should a Filipino citizen be killed by Beijing’s ongoing actions in the South China Sea4.
- Canada announced the deployment of a Harry DeWolf-class Arctic patrol vessel to the Indo-Pacific as part of the country’s effort to deepen its naval presence.
- The Shangri-La Dialogue has become one of the most important independent forums for the exchange of views by international security policy decision-makers.
- It provides a unique platform for debate among government ministers and senior officials, as well as business leaders and security experts, on Asia’s developing security challenges.
4) Techo Funan Canal:
- Cambodia will start constructing the Chinese-backed Techo Funan Canal.
- The 180-km canal aims to connect the Mekong River basin to the Cambodian coast.
- Despite tensions with Vietnam and concerns about potential military use by China, Cambodia asserts the canal will reduce reliance on Vietnamese ports, lower transportation costs, and benefit millions of people through improved irrigation.
- Cambodia is a Southeast Asian country bordering Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam, with a coastline along the Gulf of Thailand.
- A 1997 coup established Hun Sen and the Cambodian People’s Party’s dominance, making Cambodia a de facto one-party state despite being constitutionally multi-party.
5) What Is Living Will?
- Justice M.S. Sonak, of the Bombay High Court’s Goa Bench, became the first person in Goa to register a “living will”—an advance medical directive specifying actions for when he cannot make decisions
- A living will is a written document where a person outlines their medical treatment preferences in advance, to be followed if they become incapacitated or unable to communicate.
- It’s a voluntary decision.
- The Supreme Court, in the Common Cause vs. Union of India & Anr. (2018) case, ruled that a person in a persistent vegetative state can opt for passive euthanasia, such as withdrawing life support.
- A living will allows individuals to refuse medical treatment in the event of a terminal illness.
6) Exercise Red Flag:
- Eight Indian Rafale fighter jets, accompanied by two IL-78 air-to-air refuellers and three C-17 Globemaster-III strategic airlift aircraft, are poised to participate in the prestigious multi-national ‘Red Flag’ exercise in Alaska, USA.
- The two-week advanced aerial combat training exercise, Exercise Red Flag, aims to integrate aircrew in a multinational environment, with over 100 aircraft from four nations and around 3,100 personnel participating from 1st -14th June 2024.
- The IAF participated twice in the Red Flag exercise, known as the most realistic air combat training, where fighter pilots refine skills against numerous targets, authentic threats, and adversary forces.
7) Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai (HTHH) Volcano:
- A new study published recently shows that the January 15, 2022, eruption of the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai Volcano could cause unusual weather for the rest of the decade.
- Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai (HTHH) is a submarine stratovolcano in the Tongan archipelago in the southern Pacific Ocean.
- The HTHH volcano includes the small islands of Hunga Tonga and Hunga Ha’apai, along with shallow reefs along the caldera rim of a much larger submarine edifice in the western South Pacific Ocean, west of the main inhabited islands in the Kingdom of Tonga.
- It is located about 30 km south of the submarine volcano of Fonuafoʻou and 65 km north of Tongatapu, the country’s main island.
- The volcano is part of the highly active Tonga–Kermadec Islands volcanic arc, a subduction zone extending from New Zealand north-northeast to Fiji.
8) Sunkoshi River : River Cleanup Campaign
- A river cleanup campaign that removed 24,575 kg of waste from the Sunkoshi River banks and waste hotspots was recently completed under the PLEASE (Plastic Free Rivers and Seas of South Asia) program.
- Sunkoshi River also known as the ‘river of gold’, is a river in Nepal that is part of the Koshi or Saptakoshi River system formed by the seven (sapta) rivers joining in east-central Nepal.
- River Sunkoshi’s water source is located in the Zhangzangbo Glacier in Tibet, which merges with River Saptkoshi, ultimately joining the Ganga in the Katihar district of Bihar in India, before finally draining into the ocean at the Bay of Bengal in Bangladesh.
9) Greedflation:
- Several argue that inequality harms democratic processes. Some inequality, others argue, is actually beneficial, since it acts as an incentive to entrepreneurs to start businesses.
- Greedflation refers to a scenario where inflation in an economy is driven by corporate greed to make a profit rather than an increase in the cost of production, demand, or wages.
Greedflation:
- Unlike typical inflation scenarios where price increases result from higher input costs or increased demand, greedflation occurs when corporations exploit existing inflation by raising prices far beyond their actual input cost increases.
- This practice maximizes profit margins but also further fuels inflation, creating a cycle that exacerbates economic inequality.
10) Bank Clinic Launched : All India Bank Employees’ Association
- The All India Bank Employees’ Association (AIBEA) has launched the “Bank Clinic” initiative to assist bank customers with grievance redressal.
- Bank Clinic is an initiative by the All India Bank Employees’ Association (AIBEA), aims to assist bank customers with grievance redressal amid the rapid expansion of technology and Reserve Bank of India (RBI) guidelines on retail banking.
- It is a non-resolving advisory platform guiding customers on the remedies available per RBI guidelines.
- It serves as an additional channel alongside the normal Banking Ombudsman process.
- Under this initiative, customers can register their complaints on the Bank Clinic website and within five working days, they will receive a reply detailing the available remedies and relevant RBI guidelines for their specific issue
- The goal is to ensure timely and effective redressal of customer issues.
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