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DAILY DOSE 15th JUNE -2024 CURRENT AFFAIRS
1) Kavli Prize 2024:
- The winners of the 2024 Kavli Prize were announced on Wednesday. Eight winners were awarded for their contributions to astrophysics, neuroscience and nanoscience.
- It is awarded in honour of Norwegian-American businessman and philanthropist Fred Kavli (1927-2013)
- The Kavli Prizes are awarded in three areas: astrophysics, nanoscience and neuroscience — the largest, the smallest, and the most complex. The inaugural prize was announced in 2008.
Winners in 2024:
- ASTROPHYSICS: This year’s prize for astrophysics has been awarded to David Charbonneau, and Sara Seager for discoveries of exoplanets, and the characterisation of their atmosphere.
- NANOSCIENCE: Robert Langer, Armand Paul Alivisatos, and Chad Mirkin were given the prize for nanoscience for biomedical applications breakthroughs.
2) Hawkish Economic Policy:
- As the US heads for a presidential election in November, the Federal Reserve, the country’s central bank, has signaled that it is unwilling to let interest rates soften in a hurry.
- Hawkish economic policy refers to a stance taken by central banks or other economic policymakers that emphasizes the importance of controlling inflation, often at the expense of other economic goals like full employment or economic growth.
- Policymakers who are “hawkish” tend to favor higher interest rates to keep inflation in check and maintain price stability.
Key characteristics of hawkish economic policy:
- Raising interest rates to make borrowing more expensive, which can reduce spending and investment, thereby cooling off an overheating economy.
- Implementing measures to reduce the money supply or slow its growth, which can help control inflation.
- Prioritizing low inflation as a primary goal, often setting explicit inflation targets and taking actions to ensure they are met.
3) Nagastra:
- The army has got its first indigenous man-portable suicide drones that are designed to target enemy training camps, launch pads and infiltrators with precision, without endangering the lives of soldiers.
- The Indian army has integrated the Nagastra 1 loitering munition, designed by Economic Explosives Limited (EEL), as its first indigenous man-portable suicide drone.
- These drones enhance the army’s precision strike capabilities against enemy training camps and infiltrators, with a focus on reducing dependence on imports and promoting self-reliance in defence technology.
- With the potential for exports to friendly nations, Nagastra 1 showcases India’s advancement in developing cost-effective solutions for modern warfare.
- The Nagastra-1 is fully designed and developed in India, with an indigenous content of over 75%.
4) Ozone-Depleting Substances: New Study
- A new study released June 11, 2024, has reported the first significant decrease in atmospheric concentrations of potent ozone-depleting substances (ODS) known as hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs).
- Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODS) are chemicals that cause the depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer.
- This layer is crucial for protecting life on Earth by absorbing the majority of the sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
- The most common ODS include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), Halons, Carbon Tetrachloride and Methyl Chloroform.
5) Global Gender Gap Report 2024:
- The World Economic Forum released the 18th edition of its annual Global Gender Gap Report for 2024, comprehensively benchmarking gender parity across 146 economies worldwide.
Key Findings of the Report:
- The global gender gap score in 2024 is 68.5%, meaning 31.5% of the gap remains unaddressed. Progress has been extremely slow, with only a 0.1% point improvement from 2023.
- At the current rate, it will take 134 years to reach full gender parity globally far beyond the 2030 SDG target.
- The gender gaps remain largest in Political Empowerment (77.5% unaddressed) and Economic Participation & Opportunity (39.5% unaddressed).
- Iceland (93.5%) remains the world’s most gender-equal society for the 15th consecutive year. It is followed by Finland, Norway, New Zealand and Sweden in the top 5 rankings.
6) Centre Has Proposed Eco-sensitive Areas:
- Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Goa, three of the six states where the Centre has proposed eco-sensitive areas (ESAs) to protect the Western Ghats have requested a reduction in the extent of these ESAs to permit development projects.
- In 2013, the government constituted a High-Level Working Group under the Chairmanship of Dr. Kasturirangan to make recommendations for conserving and protecting the biodiversity of Western Ghats while allowing for sustainable and inclusive development of the region.
- Previously, the Madhav Gadgil Committee (2011) also gave its recommendations of conservation of Western Ghats.
- The Committee had recommended that identified geographical areas falling in the six States of Kerala, Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu be declared ass ESA.
7) Satellite-Based Tolling System:
- The National Highway Authority of India (NHAI) has invited expressions of interest (EoI) for the implementation of a satellite-based electronic toll collection system.
- The winning entity will have to develop a geo-referenced map and toll-charging software for the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS).
- A georeferenced digital map or image has been tied to a known Earth coordinate system, so users can determine where every point on the map or aerial photo is located on the Earth’s surface.
- A GNSS is the generic term for any of the satellite constellations that broadcast positioning, navigation and timing data.
- It is used in all forms of transportation like space stations, aviation, maritime, rail, road and mass transit.
8) Satnamis Protest : Chhattisgarh
- A large mob from the Satnami community in Chhattisgarh’s Baloda Bazar district attacked the Superintendence of Police (SP) office, over the alleged desecration of a ‘jaitkhamb’ (victory pillar, a sacred structure for the Satnami community).
- Satnami Community is the largest Scheduled Caste (SC) community, including peasants, artisans, and untouchables in Chhattisgarh.
- It was founded by Guru Ghasidas, a 19th-century saint, who preached monotheism, believing in one God called Satnam “Truthful Name” and social equality.
9) Donanemab : New Alzheimer’s Drug
- A new Alzheimer’s drug, donanemab, has received support from an FDA advisory committee, moving closer to approval.
- Intended for early-stage Alzheimer’s, it shows significant slowing of cognitive decline.
- The drug works by targeting amyloid beta protein deposits in the brain.
- Alzheimer’s disease is a brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills and is the most common type of dementia.
- It’s characterized by changes in the brain that lead to protein deposits, brain shrinkage, and eventually cell death.
10) AI Tool ‘Divya Drishti’:
- A woman-led start-up has successfully developed an AI-based tool that creates a “robust and multi-faceted authentication system” by combining facial recognition with gait analysis.
- This innovative solution marks a “significant advancement” in biometric authentication technology, offering “enhanced accuracy and reliability”.
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