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DAILY DOSE 31^st JULY – 2025 CURRENT AFFAIRS

Science & Technology

1. Smart Windows Innovation in Bengaluru:
   • Developed by Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences (CeNS).
   • Made using titanium dioxide (TiO₂)instead of expensive tungsten oxide (WO₃).
   • Aluminum-ion-based electrolytesused in place of lithium-based ones.
   • Features:
     • Electrochromic: Changes color with small electric current.
     • Blocks visible + near-infrared (NIR) light.
     • Can store energy(34 mF/cm² capacity).
     • 340 nm thin filmswith 96% efficiency after 2000 cycles.
     • Light modulation: 55% solar, 47% luminous, 41% NIR.
   • Boosted coloration efficiency: 27 cm²/C.
   • Significance: Energy saving, sustainable, cost-effective.

Personality in News

2. Lord Meghnad Desai Passed Away(Age: 85, July 29, 2025):

• Eminent economist, UK’s House of Lords member.
• Authored 20+ books, 200+ academic papers.
• Key works: Marx’s Revenge, Who Wrote the Bhagavad Gita?
• Honoured with Padma Bhushan (2008).
• PM Modi called him a “bridge between India and UK”.

Space & IT

3. India-US Joint Mission – NISAR Launched(July 30, 2025):

• Developed by ISRO + NASA.
• Launched via GSLV F-16into Sun Synchronous Polar Orbit (745 km).
• Features: Dual-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (L-band + S-band).
• Applications: Earth, cryosphere monitoring, disaster management.
• Enables monitoring under clouds/ice, useful in aviation/maritime.
• Called a “path-breaking mission”.

Geography

4. Typhoon Co-May Hits China (July 30, 2025):

• Landfall: Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province.
• Wind Speed: 83 km/h.
• Rainstorm alert in Shanghai: Orange level.
• 280,000+ evacuated, 600+ flights cancelled.
• Typhoon = Regional name for tropical cyclone in China, Japan, Philippines.

MoUs/Agreements

5. India-UAE Maritime Security Agreement(July 30, 2025):

• Signed by Indian Coast Guard& UAE National Guard Command.
• Part of 13th Joint Defence Cooperation Committee
• India’s 10th maritime cooperation pactwith foreign coast guards.
• Covers: Law enforcement, pollution response, SAR ops, training.

National News

6. Vande Bharat Trains Now in All States:

• 144 trains operational across India.
• Started: 15 Feb 2019(New Delhi–Varanasi route).
• Focus on middle class & low-income groups.
• 70% of 82,000 coachesare non-AC/general class.

Miscellaneous

7. Australia Restricts YouTube for Minors (<16 years):

• Law starts: 10 December 2025.
• Aims to protect teens from harmful content.
• Survey: 37% minors saw harmful contenton YouTube.
• Penalties: Up to 5 million AUD.
• YouTube joins Facebook, Instagram, TikTok under restriction laws.

Banking/Finance

8. Banking Laws (Amendment) Act, 2025effective Aug 1, 2025:

• Improves governance, depositor/investor protection.
• Key Features:
  • Director tenure in cooperative banks: 8 → 10 years (excl. Chairperson/Full-time Directors).
  • Substantial interest threshold: ₹5 lakh → ₹2 crore.
  • Applies to: RBI Act (1934), Banking Regulation Act (1949), SBI Act (1955), etc.
  • Aligns with 97th Constitutional Amendment.

Indian Polity

9. President’s Rule Extended in Manipur:

• Extension: 6 months from August 13, 2025.
• First imposed: Feb 13, 2025under Article 356.
• Requires Parliament approval every 6 months, max 3 years.
• Only 1 violent incidentsince Feb; peace talks ongoing.

International News

10. India Sends Aid to Syria (July 2025):

• 5 metric tonnes humanitarian aid.
• Includes anti-cancer drugs, antibiotics, anti-hypertensives.
• Syria’s transitional govt led by Ahmed al-Sharaa(since March 29, 2025).
• Capital: Damascus, Currency: Syrian Pound.
• India-Syria ties: Strong in education, pharma, culture, support for sovereignty.

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