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DAILY DOSE 5th APRIL -2024 CURRENT AFFAIRS
1) Ozone On Callisto : Jupiters Largest Moon
- An international team of scientists, led by researchers from the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) in Ahmedabad, has discovered strong evidence indicating the presence of ozone on Callisto, one of Jupiter’s largest moons.
- The study, published in the March 2024 issue of the journal Icarus, sheds light on the complex chemical processes occurring on the icy celestial body and its potential for hosting life.
- The team, led by R. Ramachandran from PRLs Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics Division, investigated the chemical evolution of sulphur dioxide (SO2) ice under irradiation, simulating the conditions on Callistos surface.
- The experiments were conducted at the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC) in Taiwan, which provided access to the high-energy radiation sources needed to recreate the solar radiation reaching the moons surface.
2) Postal Ballot : Polling Personnel Engaged In Election Duty
- The Election Commission has notified the facility of voting through postal ballot for polling personnel engaged in election duty.
- Postal ballot is also known as absentee voting, is a method of voting in which electors cast their ballots by mail rather than in person at a polling station.
Eligibility:
- Members of the armed forces, paramilitary forces and other government employees deployed on election duty far from their home constituencies.
- Individuals who are unable to vote in person due to reasons such as being away from their home constituency for work, illness or disability.
- Government officials and polling staff who are assigned duties at polling stations other than their own.
- Individuals who are detained under preventive custody orders during the election period.
- To apply for a postal ballot, eligible voters must submit an application to the Returning Officer (RO) of their respective constituency.
- The application form typically requires personal details, voter identification information, and the reason for seeking a postal ballot.
- The RO verifies the eligibility of the applicant and issues the postal ballot if the criteria are met.
3) Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria : Behaviors Similar To Organelles
- Researchers have discovered nitrogen-fixing symbiotic organisms exhibiting behaviors similar to organelles.
- Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are prokaryotic microorganisms that are capable of transforming nitrogen gas from the atmosphere into “fixed nitrogen” compounds, such as ammonia, that are usable by plants.
- There are two main types of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
- Symbiotic or mutualistic: These species live in root nodules of certain plants. Plants of the pea family, known as legumes which are some of the most important hosts for nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Examples: Rhizobium, which is associated with plants in the pea family and various Azospirillum species, which are associated with cereal grasses.
- Other nitrogen-fixing bacteria are free-living and do not require a host. They are commonly found in soil or in aquatic environments. Examples: Cyanobacteria Anabaena and Nostoc and genera such as Azotobacter, Beijerinckia and Clostridium.
- Nitrogen is a component of proteins and nucleic acids and is essential to life on Earth.
- Although nitrogen is abundant in the atmosphere, most organisms cannot use it in that form.
- Nitrogen-fixing bacteria accomplish more than 90 percent of all nitrogen fixation and thus play an important role in the nitrogen cycle.
4) PRATUSH Telescope:
- Astronomers are looking forward to posting high-resolution telescopes on the moon and in orbit around it, including one from India called PRATUSH
- Probing ReionizATion of the Universe using Signal from Hydrogen (PRATUSH) is a radio telescope to be sited on the moon’s far side.
- It is being built by the Raman Research Institute (RRI) in Bengaluru with active collaboration from the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
- Initially, ISRO will place PRATUSH into orbit around the earth. After some fine-tuning, the space agency will launch it moonwards.
- It will be to detect signals from the first stars and galaxies, reveal the cosmic dawn of the universe, answering the question when the first stars formed, the nature of the first stars and what was the light from the first stars.
- It will carry a wideband frequency-independent antenna, a self-calibrating analog receiver and a digital correlator to catch radio noise in the all-important signal from the Dark Ages.
- The target instrument sensitivity is at the level of a few millikelvin without being limited by any systematic features.
5) Kodaikanal Solar Observatory celebrates 125 years of studying the Sun:
- The 125th anniversary of the iconic Kodaikanal Solar Observatory (KSO) was celebrated on 1 April 2024 by Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), an autonomous institute of the Department of Science and Technology (DST), to remember the history of KSO, felicitate its scientists, and honour its legacy was a milestone for astronomy in India.
6) World Bank Projects India’s Economy To Grow At 7.5 Per Cent In 2024:
- The Indian economy is projected to grow at 7.5 per cent in 2024, the World Bank has said, revising its earlier projections for the same period by 1.2 per cent.
- According to the report, South Asia is expected to remain the fastest-growing region in the world for the next two years, with growth projected to be 6.1 per cent in 2025.
7) Chief Risk Officer:
- The Bank of Maharashtra named Subhasish Roy as its Chief Risk Officer.
- The decision, effective from April 1, 2024
8) Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi sworn in as Egypt’s President for the 3rd Term:
- Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi has taken oath as the President of Egypt for the third term in the New Administrative Capital of the country.
- The 69-year-old former army chief will continue with his presidential powers until 2030 that followed constitutional amendments that extended presidential terms to six years allowing him to stand for a third election.
9) Sorin Investment Fund Chairman Sanjay Nayar takes over as ASSOCHAM President for 2024-25:
- Sanjay Nayar, the Founder and Chairman of Sorin Investment Fund has taken over as President of the Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM), India’s oldest apex Industry chamber, for 2024-25.
- Previously, he served as the Vice President of ASSOCHAM.
10) WHO’s unveils S.A.R.A.H, its 1st AI-Powered Digital Health Promoter:
- The World Health Organization (WHO) unveiled S.A.R.A.H. (Smart AI Resource Assistant for Health), its first digital health promoter prototype with enhanced empathetic response powered by generative artificial intelligence (AI).
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